Science is filled with confounds; variables in our research that we don’t know about or don’t control. Confounds add a layer of variability and unpredictability to our studies, making it difficult or impossible to answer scientific questions. Good science is all about understanding the confounds in our work and systematically controlling or eliminating them from our studies, leaving our manipulation as the only remaining explanation for any changes we observe in our study. That’s how it’s supposed to work. That’s how we’re all trained. Therefore, modern scientists work hard to control what’s in their animal’s diet, the light/dark cycles, we standardize their housing conditions and we even co
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